Removing Embedded Ordnance From Patients

The presentation of patients with unexploded ordnance (UXO) or components thereof embedded in their bodies is an unusual, but not rare, occurrence in warfare. In civilian settings, it is rare but not unheard of. When it does occur, it presents medical (particularly surgical) teams with a complex challenge: not only are there medical and technical aspects which are unusual, there is the added danger (and associated emotional challenge) of working with potentially unstable ammunition. Thus, while such occurrences are unusual, it is well worth preparing for them. This guideline is for those who are part of surgical teams, those who run hospital facilities and those who are involved in pre-hospital care, as well as the explosive ordnance disposal staff that will respond to support these clinical staff.