International Humanitarian Law and the Challenges of Contemporary Armed Conflicts: Building a Culture of Compliance for IHL to Protect Humanity in Today’s and Future Conflicts

In this report on international humanitarian law (IHL) and the challenges of contemporary armed conflicts, the International Committee of the Red Cross (ICRC) sets out its views on some of the most pressing humanitarian and legal issues in warfare. The ICRC has submitted a report like this one – the Challenges Report – to every International Conference of the Red Cross and Red Crescent since 2003. The International Conference, which takes place every four years, brings together all the States and all components of the Red Cross and Red Crescent Movement. The Challenges Report provides an overview of some of the challenges for IHL posed by contemporary armed conflicts, and outlines current or prospective ICRC action, positions, and areas of interest. The 2024 Challenges Report focuses on: nuclear weapons – grey zones and hybrid warfare – protection of people in the hands of adversaries – conduct of hostilities - new technologies of warfare – humanitarian action – building a culture of compliance with IHL.